Cerebral Palsy (CP) is an umbrella term used to describe a group of conditions which predominantly affect an individual’s ability to move. These conditions are caused by damage or abnormal development of the parts of the brain responsible for controlling muscles and movement. The damage or abnormal growth usually occurs before, during or shortly after birth.
Children with Cerebral Palsy will typically have or develop abnormal muscle tone (high, low or fluctuating) which causes movement and coordination challenges. They may also have associated health conditions and learning disabilities. Although Cerebral Palsy is a non-progressive condition (i.e., the damage to the brain does not typically increase over time) the effect of the brain damage on the body can result in a changing picture as the child grows. Many children will start with a diagnosis of Evolving Cerebral Palsy prior to being classified into a subtype. Depending on their birth history others may be diagnosed with Hypoxic Ischaemic Encephalopathy (HIE) or Periventricular Leukomalacia (PVL).
The classification or sub-types of CP can be confusing as old and new terms are often used interchangeably. Typically, Cerebral Palsy is classified according to the type of abnormal muscle tone and where in the body the individual is affected. See a summary of the subtypes and terminology below:
Spastic Bilateral (or Spastic Diplegia [lower body mostly affected] or Quadriplegia [all four limbs affected])
Persisting increased muscle tone (spasticity) affecting both sides of the body
Spastic Unilateral Cerebral Palsy (or Hemiplegia)
Persisting increased muscle tone (spasticity) affecting one side of the body
Dystonic Cerebral Palsy (Subtype of Dyskinetic CP)
Variable muscle tone. Reduced activity, tone tends to be increased.
Choreoathetoid Cerebral Palsy (Subtype of Dyskinetic CP)
Variable muscle tone. Increased activity, tone tends to be decreased.
Ataxic Cerebral Palsy
Generalised hypotonia with signs of ataxia; which is a lack of coordination of voluntary movements and can include tremors (especially when reaching) and unsteady movements.
Non-Classifiable
The brain is complex and as a result the challenges that each child with Cerebral Palsy has are varied and hard to predict. Difficulties can range from minor to serious long-term physical, communication and learning needs. Typically, children with Cerebral Palsy require help from one of our Physiotherapists and Speech and Language Therapists but may be supported by other members of the team when necessary.
At Brainwave we see children with a range of conditions, including many with Cerebral Palsy. Our experienced multidisciplinary therapy team will take the time to assess your child’s needs before establishing shared goals. We will then use our knowledge of neuroplasticity to develop and teach you a home-based programme that you can deliver on a regular basis with our ongoing support.